COD Advanced Warfare

[mpoffo]

Hey, Did anyone receive word of an update to WSF since the CODAW update?

Not yet. I am sure Dopefish will see this and fix it when he can.

[coortex]

I hope a fix comes soon I feel cross-eyed when I play on a single screen

[mpoffo]

I hope a fix comes soon I feel cross-eyed when I play on a single screen

He is aware of the update and said he would work on it soon.

[coortex]

I hope a fix comes soon I feel cross-eyed when I play on a single screen

He is aware of the update and said he would work on it soon.

the source of this information?



dopefish
Joined:14 Apr 2007, 01:13

Last visited:05 Jan 2015, 02:56

dopefish stopped coming on the forums since 5-January

[pocketboyht]

Hello everyone! i'm new...just created an account, couse i'm sick of browsing through every last page and forum on the web trying to get a fix for COD 1.10.1179632.0 (the new version of advanced warfare) it's frustrating as hell...and i used widescreen fixer for about any other...but now... nobody is fixing it:( same goes for Grey Goo, another great game with a UI problem...
anyone knows if this problem will go away soon? FWS developers working on a fix?:( i've been waiting since they updated and still nothing:( it's unplayable once you play it on 3monitors, can't go back to 1:( and as i see it...i'm not the only one waiting. i just want to know it there will be a fix or not.
thanq!

[mpoffo]

I hope a fix comes soon I feel cross-eyed when I play on a single screen

He is aware of the update and said he would work on it soon.

the source of this information?



dopefish
Joined:14 Apr 2007, 01:13

Last visited:05 Jan 2015, 02:56

dopefish stopped coming on the forums since 5-January

His twitter account.

https://twitter.com/davidrudie/with_replies

I had messaged him about the update. I sure others have as well. We just need to sit tight.

[mpoffo]

Hello everyone! i'm new...just created an account, couse i'm sick of browsing through every last page and forum on the web trying to get a fix for COD 1.10.1179632.0 (the new version of advanced warfare) it's frustrating as hell...and i used widescreen fixer for about any other...but now... nobody is fixing it:( same goes for Grey Goo, another great game with a UI problem...
anyone knows if this problem will go away soon? FWS developers working on a fix?:( i've been waiting since they updated and still nothing:( it's unplayable once you play it on 3monitors, can't go back to 1:( and as i see it...i'm not the only one waiting. i just want to know it there will be a fix or not.
thanq!

While I understand your frustration, keep in mind this is not his job and he has other things that are a priority. It will get updated, we just need to be patient.

I am simply grateful they he and others have developed ths software to allow me to play my games in surround over the years.

[coortex]

Hello everyone! i'm new...just created an account, couse i'm sick of browsing through every last page and forum on the web trying to get a fix for COD 1.10.1179632.0 (the new version of advanced warfare) it's frustrating as hell...and i used widescreen fixer for about any other...but now... nobody is fixing it:( same goes for Grey Goo, another great game with a UI problem...
anyone knows if this problem will go away soon? FWS developers working on a fix?:( i've been waiting since they updated and still nothing:( it's unplayable once you play it on 3monitors, can't go back to 1:( and as i see it...i'm not the only one waiting. i just want to know it there will be a fix or not.
thanq!

While I understand your frustration, keep in mind this is not his job and he has other things that are a priority. It will get updated, we just need to be patient.

I am simply grateful they he and others have developed ths software to allow me to play my games in surround over the years.

+1

[Sir_bertilak]

Yes the fix is in working good now Thank you

[mpoffo]

Thanks very much Dopefish!

[coortex]

Thanks very much Dopefish!

[mpoffo]

Anyone else having issues tonight? Maybe it is me. Was there another update?

Edit: Never mind. I was being stupid and running the wrong Call of Duty game.

[mpoffo]

FYI, It appears there was another update with the release of the HAVOC map pack for the PC.

[johnz31975]

With the new update for havoc dlc the widscreenfixer stopped working please fix it dopefish.
Thanks

[zens]

Hello all,

i wrote this little tool for aspect ratio fix.

- Works with SP & MP
- Works with further game updates.
- Autopatch aspect ratio to 21:9

Check .ini for settings!

Auto = 0 ; activates Hotkey [END]

Best way to start, write a .bat file:

SP:

Code: Select all

start steam://rungameid/209650
start X:\FILE_LOCATION\aspect_fix.EXE
EXIT

MP:

Code: Select all

start steam://rungameid/209660
start X:\FILE_LOCATION\aspect_fix.EXE
EXIT

Or simply start the tool, after starting the game.

(Only tested under Windows 7, so let me know if problems with Windows 8 exist.)

UPDATE: I fixed some minor errors and updated some programm routines, hope that works for those with problems!
UPDATE2: On request a version for surround screens (3 x 16:9)

UPDATE3: Added option for ultrawide/surround gaming.
Important: Edit the "Screen" setting in aspect_fix.ini file!

UPDATE4: Added option for 3 x 16:10 surround setting.

UPDATE5: Corrected the flaoting point values.

Code: Select all

pAspect1                 dd 0401851ECh; 1 x 21:9 =                 2.333334  ultrawide  2560/1080 = 2,38
pAspect2                 dd 040AAAAACh; 3 x 16:9 =  1.777778 x 3 = 5.333334  surround1  5760/1080 = 5,34
pAspect3                 dd 04099999Ah; 3 x 16:10 = 1.600000 x 3 = 4.8       surround2  5760/1200 = 4.8
pAspect_disable          dd 03FE38E39h; 16:9         

Greetings
zens

[Sir_bertilak]

I must of done something wrong did not work for me. I unziped and clicked. Plaese help

[coortex]

I must of done something wrong did not work for me. I unziped and clicked. Plaese help

I am in the same situation

[mpoffo]

I have emailed dopefish. Once again we need to be patient. I am not sure what Zens uploaded above. It is probably ok but I am always a little leery of things like this uploaded to a site. Particularly if its someone's first post. No offense Zens.

[johnz31975]

I have emailed dopefish. Once again we need to be patient. I am not sure what Zens uploaded above. It is probably ok but I am always a little leery of things like this uploaded to a site. Particularly if its someone's first post. No offense Zens.

sorry to ask again but any news?
thanks

[zens]

edited my post today!

@mpoffo
im ok with thatm heres the src if some wants to have a look, written in fasm:

Code: Select all

format PE64 GUI 5.0  at 140000000h
entry start

include 'D:\FASM\INCLUDE\win64a.inc'

;------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
section '.text' code readable executable
;------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Int3
 Int3
 Int3
start:
 sub rsp,8h         ; Make stack qword aligned
  call aspect_fix_Init
  call Start_threads
  call WinMain
exit:
invoke ExitProcess,0
 Int3
 Int3
 Int3
;------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
proc WinMain
;------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 invoke  GetModuleHandle,0
 mov    [wc.hInstance],rax
 invoke  LoadIcon,[wc.hInstance],500
 mov    [wc.hIcon],rax
 invoke  LoadCursor,0,IDC_ARROW
 mov    [wc.hCursor],rax
 invoke RegisterClassEx,wc
 invoke CreateWindowEx,0,class,title,WS_VISIBLE+WS_TILED+WS_MINIMIZEBOX+WS_SYSMENU ,128,128,462,260,0,0,[wc.hInstance],NULL
 msg_loop:
  invoke  GetMessage,msg,NULL,0,0
  .if eax < 1
    ret
  .endif
  .if eax <> 1
    jmp msg_loop
  .endif
  invoke  TranslateMessage,msg
  invoke  DispatchMessage,msg
jmp msg_loop

ret
;------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
endp
;------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Int3
 Int3
 Int3
;------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
proc WindowProc hwnd:DWORD,uMsg:DWORD,wParam:QWORD,lParam:QWORD
;------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
mov [hwnd],ecx
mov [uMsg],edx
mov [wParam],r8
mov [lParam],r9

 .if [uMsg] = WM_CREATE
    invoke CreateWindowEx,WS_EX_STATICEDGE,statClass,0,WS_CHILD+WS_VISIBLE+SS_BITMAP,0,0,462,260,[hwnd],0,[wc.hInstance],NULL
    mov [hStatImage], eax
    invoke LoadBitmap,[wc.hInstance],750
    mov [hBmp], eax
    invoke SendMessage,[hStatImage],STM_SETIMAGE,IMAGE_BITMAP,[hBmp]
 .endif


 .if [uMsg] = WM_DESTROY
   invoke  PostQuitMessage,0
   xor eax,eax
   ret
 .endif

 .if [uMsg] = WM_HOTKEY
     ;disable hotkey if AutoMode is set to 1 in .ini!
   .if [pAutoEnable] = 0
       call Hotkey_Action
   .endif
   xor eax,eax
   inc eax
   ret
 .endif

 .if [rkey] = 0
   invoke RegisterHotKey,[hwnd],1,0,VK_END
   mov [rkey],1
 .endif

 invoke DefWindowProc,[hwnd],[uMsg],[wParam],[lParam]

ret
;------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
endp
;------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Int3
 Int3
 Int3
;------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
proc Hotkey_Action
;------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

.if [patch_Offset] <> 0

invoke ReadProcessMemory, [hProcess],[patch_Offset],addr rBuffer,04h,[lpNumberOfBytesRead]
;enable
;-------------------
.if dword [rBuffer] = 03FE38E39h  ;16:9
  invoke WriteProcessMemory,[hProcess],[patch_Offset],addr pAspect,04h,[lpNumberOfBytesWritten] ;set 21:9 aspect
  ret
.endif
;disable
;-------------------
.if dword [rBuffer] = 040155558h  ;21:9
  invoke WriteProcessMemory,[hProcess],[patch_Offset],addr pAspect_disable,04h,[lpNumberOfBytesWritten] ;set 16:9 aspect
  ret
.endif

.endif

ret
;------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
endp
;------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Int3
 Int3
 Int3
 ;------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
proc Automatic_Action
;------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
_waitAutomatic:
.while [patch_Offset] <> 0
.if [pAutoEnable] = 1
MemLoop:
 invoke GetExitCodeProcess,[hProcess],addr lpExitCode
 .while [lpExitCode] = STILL_ACTIVE
   invoke ReadProcessMemory, [hProcess],[patch_Offset],addr rBuffer,04h,[lpNumberOfBytesRead]
       enable_:
       .if [rBuffer] = 03FE38E39h ;16:9
      invoke WriteProcessMemory,[hProcess],[patch_Offset],addr pAspect,04h,[lpNumberOfBytesWritten] ;set 21:9 aspect
      invoke Sleep,1000h
       .endif
    jmp MemLoop
 .endw
.endif
ret
.endw
jmp _waitAutomatic
ret
;------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
endp
;------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Int3
 Int3
 Int3
;------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
proc _OpenProcess
;------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   .while [hProcess] = 0
    invoke CreateToolhelp32Snapshot,TH32CS_SNAPPROCESS,0
    .if eax <> INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE
       mov dword [hProcessSnap],eax
       mov rax,sizeof.PROCESSENTRY32
       mov dword [pe32.dwSize],eax
       invoke Process32First,[hProcessSnap],addr pe32
       .if eax <> 0
       _check:
       lea rcx,[pe32.szExeFile]
       invoke lstrcmp,rcx,ProcName

       .if eax = 0
         invoke OpenProcess,PROCESS_ALL_ACCESS, 0, [pe32.th32ProcessID]
         mov [hProcess],eax
          .checkmp: ; prevents modul not loaded yet
         invoke CreateToolhelp32Snapshot,TH32CS_SNAPMODULE,[pe32.th32ProcessID]
         mov dword [hModuleSnap],eax
         mov rax,sizeof.MODULEENTRY32
         mov dword [me32.dwSize],eax
         invoke Module32First,[hModuleSnap],addr me32
          cmp eax,0
          je .checkmp
         mov rax,[me32.modBaseAddr]
         mov [baseAddy],rax
         invoke CloseHandle,[hModuleSnap]
         invoke CloseHandle,[hProcessSnap]
         ret
       .endif

       lea rcx,[pe32.szExeFile]
       invoke lstrcmp,rcx,ProcName2

       .if eax = 0
         invoke OpenProcess,PROCESS_ALL_ACCESS, 0, [pe32.th32ProcessID]
         mov [hProcess],eax
          .checksp: ; prevents modul not loaded yet
         invoke CreateToolhelp32Snapshot,TH32CS_SNAPMODULE,[pe32.th32ProcessID]
         mov dword [hModuleSnap],eax
         mov rax,sizeof.MODULEENTRY32
         mov dword [me32.dwSize],eax
         invoke Module32First,[hModuleSnap],addr me32
          cmp eax,0
          je .checksp
         mov rax,[me32.modBaseAddr]
         mov [baseAddy],rax
         invoke CloseHandle,[hModuleSnap]
         invoke CloseHandle,[hProcessSnap]
         ret
       .endif

       invoke Process32Next,[hProcessSnap],addr pe32
       .if eax <> 0
          jmp _check
       .endif
       .endif
    .endif
    invoke CloseHandle,[hProcessSnap]
   .endw
ret
;------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
endp
;------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Int3
 Int3
 Int3
;------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
proc search_Offset
;------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

_wait_search_Offset:
.while [baseAddy] <> 0

   mov rax,[baseAddy]
   add rax,1000h
   mov [StartAddy],rax
   mov rax,[baseAddy]
   add rax,3Ch
   mov [PEsig],rax
   xor rax,rax
   mov rax,[PEsig]
   invoke ReadProcessMemory,[hProcess],[PEsig],addr PEOffset,04h,[lpNumberOfBytesRead]
   mov rax,[PEOffset]
   mov rcx,[baseAddy]
   add rax,rcx
   add rax,1Ch
   invoke ReadProcessMemory,[hProcess],rax,addr codeSize,04h,[lpNumberOfBytesRead]
   mov rax,[StartAddy]
   xor ecx,ecx
   mov ecx,dword[codeSize]
   add rax,rcx
   mov [EndAddy],rax
push rsi
mov rsi,[EndAddy]
.while [StartAddy] < rsi
mov rdx,[StartAddy]
 invoke ReadProcessMemory,[hProcess],rdx,addr CodePart1,04h,[lpNumberOfBytesRead]
   .if [CodePart1] =  02474290Fh;0F297424h
   mov rax,[StartAddy]
   add rax,08h
   invoke ReadProcessMemory,[hProcess],rax,addr CodePart2,04h,[lpNumberOfBytesRead]
   .if [CodePart2] = 0D100FF3h;0F30F100Dh
          ;code is found!
          mov rax,[StartAddy]
          add rax,08h
          invoke ReadProcessMemory,[hProcess],rax,addr Patch_rva,08h,[lpNumberOfBytesRead]
          xor rax,rax
          mov rax,[Patch_rva+4]
          mov rcx,[StartAddy]
          add rax,rcx
          add rax,10h
          mov [patch_Offset],rax
          pop rsi
          ret
   .endif
   .endif
   mov rax,[StartAddy]
   add rax,1h
   mov [StartAddy],rax
.endw
;error no offset found!
pop rsi
invoke MessageBoxA,[hStatImage],addr lpText,addr lpCaption,MB_ICONERROR

.endw
jmp _wait_search_Offset

ret


;------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
endp
;------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Int3
 Int3
 Int3
;------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
proc Start_threads
;------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  xor r8,r8
  lea r8,[_OpenProcess]
  invoke CreateThread,0,0,r8,0,0

  xor r8,r8
  lea r8,[search_Offset]
  invoke CreateThread,0,0,r8,0,0


  xor r8,r8
  lea r8,[Automatic_Action]
  invoke CreateThread,0,0,r8,0,0

;wait for exit:
  xor r8,r8
  lea r8,[_TerminateProcess]
  invoke CreateThread,0,0,r8,0,0

ret
;------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
endp
;------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Int3
 Int3
 Int3
;------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
proc _TerminateProcess
;------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
_waitterminate:
.while [hProcess] <> 0
done:
.if [pAutoClose] = 1
   Qloop:
     invoke GetExitCodeProcess,[hProcess],addr lpExitCode
      .while [lpExitCode] = STILL_ACTIVE
       invoke Sleep,01h
       jmp Qloop
      .endw
    invoke CloseHandle,[hProcess]
    invoke ExitProcess,lpExitCode
 .endif
.endw
jmp _waitterminate
 ret
;------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
endp
;------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Int3
 Int3
 Int3
;------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
proc GetPath
;------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   invoke GetModuleHandle,0
   mov rcx,rax
   lea rax,[Standard_Buffer]
   invoke GetModuleFileName,rcx,rax,01000h
   invoke PathRemoveFileSpecA,Standard_Buffer
ret
;------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
endp     
;------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Int3
 Int3
 Int3
;------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
proc ZEROBUFFER
;------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
push rdi
push rsi
 ;zero buffer!
 lea rcx,[Standard_Buffer]
 mov rdi,rcx       ;write to
 lea rsi,[ZERO]       ;read from
 MOV ECX,0ffh ;size
 REP MOVS BYTE[rdi],BYTE[rsi]
pop rsi
pop rdi
ret
;------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
endp  
;------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Int3
 Int3
 Int3
;------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
proc aspect_fix_Init
;------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 ; lea r8,[_OpenProcess]
 ; invoke CreateThread,0,0,r8,0,0
fastcall ZEROBUFFER
fastcall GetPath
invoke lstrcat,Standard_Buffer,lpFileName
invoke GetPrivateProfileInt,lpAppName,lpAutoClose ,0,Standard_Buffer
mov [pAutoClose],al
invoke GetPrivateProfileInt,lpAppName,lpAutoEnable ,0,Standard_Buffer
mov [pAutoEnable],al
ret
;------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
endp
;------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

;------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
section '.rdata' data readable
;------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
data import
  library kernel32,'KERNEL32.DLL',user32,'USER32.DLL',Shlwapi,'Shlwapi.dll'
  import Shlwapi,PathRemoveFileSpecA,'PathRemoveFileSpecA'
  import MessageBoxA,MessageBoxA,'MessageBoxA'
  include 'api\kernel32.inc'
  include 'api\user32.inc'
end data

;------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
section '.data' data readable writeable
;------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
;Data directives:
;-------------------
;db Define Byte, allocates 1 byte
;dw Define Word, allocates 2 bytes
;dd Define Doubleword, allocates 4 bytes
;dq Define Quadword, allocates 8 bytes
;rb Reserve Byte
;rw Reserve Word
;rd Reserve Doubleword
;rq Reserve Quadword

struct PROCESSENTRY32
       dwSize             dd ?
       cntUsage           dd ?
       th32ProcessID          dd ?
       rd 1             ;ULONG_PTR
       th32DefaultHeapID       dq ?
       th32ModuleID          dd ?
       cntThreads          dd ?
       th32ParentProcessID     dd ?
       pcPriClassBase          dd ?
       dwFlags             dd ?
       szExeFile          db MAX_PATH dup (?)
ends

pe32         PROCESSENTRY32 <>

struct MODULEENTRY32
  dwSize        dd ?
  th32ModuleID        dd ?
  th32ProcessID      dd ?
  GlblcntUsage        dd ?
  ProccntUsage        dd ?
  rd 1                ;BYTE
  modBaseAddr        dq ?
  modBaseSize        dd ?
  hModule        dd ?
  szModule        db 256h dup (?)
  szExePath        db MAX_PATH dup (?)
ends ;

me32   MODULEENTRY32 <>


wc         WNDCLASSEX sizeof.WNDCLASSEX,0,WindowProc,0,0,NULL,0,NULL,COLOR_BTNFACE+1,NULL,class,NULL
msg         MSG

TH32CS_SNAPPROCESS   = 2
TH32CS_SNAPMODULE   = 8
VK_END         = 023h ;

Standard_Buffer rd 0100h
ZERO      rd 00FFh

title         db "COD-AW Aspect Ratio Fix",0
class         db "CODAW_ARF_64",0
ProcName      db "s1_mp64_ship.exe",0
ProcName2      db "s1_sp64_ship.exe",0
statClass      db "STATIC",0
lpFileName      db "\aspect_fix.ini",0
lpAppName      db "Settings",0
lpAutoEnable      db "Auto",0
lpAutoClose      db "CloseOnExit",0

lpText         db "Error, Offset not found!",0
lpCaption      db "Search-Error",0

pAspect       dd 040155558h; 21:9
pAspect_disable    dd 03FE38E39h; 16:9

;pOffset       dq 014107BF90h ;
patch_Offset      dq ?

rBuffer       dd ?
hProcessSnap      dd ?
hModuleSnap      dd ?
hProcess      dd ?
hStatImage      dd ?
hBmp         dd ?

lpNumberOfBytesWritten   dq ?

lpNumberOfBytesRead   dq ?

lpExitCode      dd ?

rkey         db ?
init         db ?
sThread       db ?
pAutoClose      db ?
pAutoEnable      db ?


baseAddy      dq ?
StartAddy      dq ?
PEsig         dq ?
PEOffset      dq ?
codeSize      dd ?
EndAddy       dq ?

CodePart1      dd ?
CodePart2      dd ?
CodePart3      dd ?
Patch_rva      dq ?
;------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
section '.rsrc' resource data readable
;------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  ; resource directory

  directory RT_ICON,icons,\
       RT_GROUP_ICON,group_icons,\
       RT_BITMAP,bitmaps,\
       RT_VERSION,versions

  ; resource subdirectories

  resource icons,\
      1,LANG_NEUTRAL,icon_data

  resource group_icons,\
      500,LANG_NEUTRAL,main_icon

  resource  bitmaps,\
      750,LANG_NEUTRAL,bitmap_data

  resource versions,\
      1,LANG_NEUTRAL,version

  icon main_icon,icon_data,'aspect_fix.ico'
  bitmap    bitmap_data,'BITMAP.BMP'

  versioninfo version,VOS__WINDOWS32,VFT_APP,VFT2_UNKNOWN,LANG_ENGLISH+SUBLANG_DEFAULT,0,\
         'FileDescription','COD-AW Aspect Ratio Fix',\
         'LegalCopyright','No rights reserved.',\
         'FileVersion','1.0',\
         'ProductVersion','1.0',\
         'OriginalFilename','aspect_fix.exe'

;patch notes
;3FAAAAAB = 1.3  / 4:3
;3FCCCCCD = 1.6  / 16:10
;3FE38E39 = 1.7  / 16:9

;MP:
;Address   Hex dump              Command               Comments
;0001_401C37F4     0F297424 20              MOVAPS DQWORD PTR [RSP+20],XMM6      ; FLOAT 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.1000000
;0001_401C37F9     0F28F1              MOVAPS XMM6,XMM1
;0001_401C37FC     F30F100D 8C87EB00           MOVSS XMM1,DWORD PTR [REL 1_4107BF90]    ; FLOAT 1.777778 (CONST 16./9)

;SP:
;Address   Hex dump     Command               Comments
;0001_40113B16     0F297424 20     MOVAPS DQWORD PTR [RSP+20],XMM6      ; FLOAT 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0
;0001_40113B1B     0F28F1     MOVAPS XMM6,XMM1
;0001_40113B1E     F30F100D BA31B4 MOVSS XMM1,DWORD PTR [REL 1_40C56CE0]    ; FLOAT 1.777778 (CONST 16./9)

;pattern
;0001_401C37F4    F1280F20_2474290F
;0001_401C37FC    00EB878C_0D100FF3     0F297424 20 0F28F1